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Direct CO2 + H2 = formic acid

Published: 02 June 2014 Direct synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide by hydrogenation in acidic media Séverine Moret, Paul J. Dyson & Gábor Laurenczy Nature Communications volume 5, Article number: 4017 (2014) Cite this article 64k Accesses 505 Citations 41 Altmetric Metricsdetails Abstract The chemical transformation of carbon dioxide into useful products becomes increasingly important as CO2 levels in the atmosphere continue to rise as a consequence of human activities. In this article we describe the direct hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid using a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst, in aqueous solution and in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), without any additives. In water, at 40 °C, 0.2 M formic acid can be obtained under 200 bar, however, in DMSO the same catalyst affords 1.9 M formic acid. In both solvents the catalysts can be reused multiple times without a decrease in activity. Worldwide demand for formic acid continues to grow, especially in the context of a renew
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Breakthrough EV alternative vs. known EV, hybrids and combustions.

Breakthrough EV alternative vs. known EV, hybrids and combustions. Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired, 1939dmj@gmail.com, davidjud.blogspot.com, judbarovski.blogspot.com Abstract. Optimized EV being fueled by MgH2 was disclosed in article "Advanced fuel and its recycling" you can see in davidjud.blogspot.com, posted on May 7, 2024. Here I suppose to show how it is treated. MgH2 is delivered to EV from its recycling station after its recycling. 100 Kwh electricity can be created by 19 kg MgH2 by controlled its water reforming during car route, creating Mg(OH) 2 as its byproduct, can be changed at recycling station for new portion MgH. Such EV has a small rechargeable battery for start or any furies.
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Advanced fuel and its recycling

Advanced fuel and its recycling. Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired, 1939dmj@gmail.com, davidjud.blogspot.com, judbarovski.blogspot.com Abstract MgH2 + 2H2O = Mg(OH)2 + 2 H2 + 278 KJ; 268 KJ * 0.33 (energy efficiency) = 90 KJ electricity 2 H2 = H2-air fuel cell = 400 KJ electricity, and totally, 90 + 400 = 490 KJ electricity = 5235 kWh /M T of MgH2. Recycling Mg(OH)2 = MgO + H2O - 38 KJ, MgO + CO = Mg + CO2 = - 318 KJ; And novel catalytic conversion CO2 in CO [1] = - 283 KJ; Mg + H2 = MgH2 = + 75 KJ. CO + H20 = H2 + CO2 – 3 KJ. And totally = - 850 KJ. = 9100 kWh/ MT of MgH2 . So the system energy efficiency is 5235 / 9100 = 58% Reference [1] www.scienceDaily.com/2024/05/240502141205.html
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If catalytic CO2 in CO being reality, the first steps would be tremendous

If catalytic CO2 in CO being reality, the first steps could be tremendous. Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, 1939dmj@gmail.com, davldjud.blogspot.com, judbarovski.blogspot.com Abstract. If catalytic CO2 in CO being now reality ("Sugar based catalyst upcycles carbon dioxide.", ScienceDaily, May 2, 2024), and declared to be Molybdenum Carbide, as a first steps of it can be abundant and practically inexhaustible fuels manufacturing cheaply and domestically from atmospheric CO2. Really, CO2  CO; CO + H2O = CO2 + H2, twice; CO + 2 H2O = CH2 + H2O. Here, 3 CO2 from the air or after combustion, do 2 CO2 while the said chemistry and a third CO2 will be after the fuels' combustion. So the CO2 cycle is closed.
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Decarbonisation the shipping

Decarbonisation the shipping Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired, 1939dmj@gmail.com, davidjud.blogspot.com, judbarovski.blogspot.com Abstract. \ CH2 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + 634 KJ * 0.4 energy efficiency = 254 KJ electricity CH2 + 2 H2O = CO2 + 3 H2 - 224 KJ 224 / 634 = 0.35 CH2 1.35 CH2 + 2 H2O = 1.35 CO2 + 3 H2 , filtred from impurities and finally by cooling and pressing down to negligible traces CO2. 3 H2 + air fuel cell at 0.7 energy efficiency would be 600 KJ of electricity. 600 KJ /254 KJ = 2.37, so about 2.5 times more mileage with 1.35 / 2.37 = 0.57, so at half less carbon print on the same mileage
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Universal simulation of green technologies for estimation

Universal simulation of green technologies for estimation Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor, retired, 1939dmj@gmail.com, davidjud.blogspot.com, judbarovski.blogspot.com Abstract CH2O + H2O = CO2 + 2H2 = 0.5 CH4 + 0.5 CO2 + H2O, and totally, CH2O = 0.5 CH4 + 0.5 CO2, here CH2O – treated substance, e.g. biomass; CH4 – fuel, e.g. hydrocarbons, and high temperature treatment, e.g. reforming at 900 C. Really, it can be renewable energy used by the process, can be abundant and inexhaustible and deep recyclable.
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Breakthrough kind of electric vehicle - Upgraded

Breakthrough kind of electric vehicle – Upgraded Author: David Judbarovski, systems engineering, principle inventor judbarovski@gmail.com, Linkedin Abstract LiH + H2O = LiOH + H2 + 108 kJ at quite mild conditions, because at 370 C 108 kJ / (2.26 + 56 * 0.37) = 47 gram H2O = 2.6 moles H2 = H2/air FC = 268 kJ * 0.75 (efficiency) = 215 kJ 108 * 0.4 = 43 kJ, and totally 215 + 43 = 258 kJ = 258 / 7 / 3.6 = 10.2 kWh electricity / kg Li cheaply recyclable Materials are looped, so practically free ones. For comparison, 3.75 kWh/ kg gasoline, so 2.7 times less mileage. Reformed gasoline is 6.7 kWh, so 67% less mileage, and expensive, creates harmful exhaust, needs complex and long preliminary cleaning, and for recycling by competitive cost needs a lot of extremely cheap electricity, with its system efficiency is as small, as 25% LiH-fuel recycled industrially consumes 19 kWh/kg, so system efficiency is 10.2 kWh * 7/8 / 19 kWh = 47% . Indeed, LiH-fuel recycling by electr
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